Sexually transmitted infections can damage the human reproductive organs. STIs are spread through unprotected sex. If these diseases are diagnosed and treated early, the permanent damage to fertility can be avoided. However, a delay may lead to irreversible damage. The most common STIs are:
Chlamydial disease (caused by Chlamydia trachomatis) – this infection is serious because quite often, there are no signs in the infected person other than a positive Chlamydia test! It can be treated with antibiotics. If untreated or treated too late, chlamydia most often damages the fallopian tubes, causing their blockage and infertility.
Gonorrhoea is similar to a chlamydial disease, however, it often causes pain, discharge, and fever. It can be treated with antibiotics. If untreated or treated too late, gonorrhoea can also cause widespread damage to the reproductive organs.
Syphilis is a bacterial infection that can cause ulcers (sores), rashes, and brain damage. It can be treated with antibiotics. Apart from direct risks to an infected person, it can be particularly dangerous to newborn babies.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) There are hundreds of HPVs. Some of them cause genital warts (condylomas), and skin growths in the genital region that can affect large skin areas. Other HPVs cause cancer. In women, they can cause cancer of the uterine cervix and in both sexes, they can cause anal cancer. Nowadays, there are vaccines available against cancer-causing HPVs.
Herpes is caused by the human herpes virus (HSV). These viruses cause redness, swelling, pain and small blisters or ulcers – on the lips, near the mouth or in the genital region. The best way to prevent genital herpes is to wear a condom. HSVs can be transmitted also with a kiss. There is no vaccine.
Additionally, pubic lice are insects that suck blood from the skin in the genital regions. In some cases, they can be found on other parts of the body with hair such as on the eyelashes. Pubic lice are treatable.
How do you know if you have an STI? If you are in doubt, you should get tested and see a doctor. The best way to protect yourself is to always use a condom.